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References

Every web site and publication cited in the book, by where it is cited, followed by further resources. Definitions of the terms are in the glossary.

Cited in the book

How to Use This Book

Chapter 1: Decide who the data are for

Chapter 2: Start with the analysis plan

Chapter 4: Decide what to capture before you go looking

Chapter 9: Keep records someone else could read

Chapter 12: Go and find out why the data are missing

Chapter 16: Have the conversations only you can have

Chapter 18: Build so that a machine can use it

Further resources

Guidance and standards

Reproducibility and real world evidence

  • Ostropolets A, et al. Reproducible variability: assessing investigator discordance across 9 research teams attempting to reproduce the same observational study. JAMIA. 2023. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocad009
  • Wang SV, Sreedhara SK, Schneeweiss S, REPEAT Initiative. Reproducibility of real-world evidence studies using clinical practice data to inform regulatory and coverage decisions. Nature Communications. 2022;13:5126. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32310-3
  • Cai CX, Hribar M, Baxter S, et al. Semaglutide and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. JAMA Ophthalmology. 2025;143(4):304-314. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.6555

Consortia

Missing data

  • van Buuren S. Flexible Imputation of Missing Data. A standard reference on multiple imputation and the assumptions behind it.

Open standards and tools

From Boyce Data Science